Cathode-Luminescence of Rare Earths in Coal Ash
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Coal fly ash as a resource for rare earth elements
Rare earth elements (REE) have been recognised as critical raw materials, crucial for many clean technologies. As the gap between their global demand and supply increases, the search for their alternative resources becomes more and more important, especially for the countries which depend highly on their import. Coal fly ash (CFA), which when not utilised is considered waste, has been regarded ...
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Each year, 115 million tons of coal combustion products (CCPs) are produced in the United States, 90% of them by electric utilities. CCPs are mainly ash, usually mixed with wastes from pollution control scrubbers (consisting of particulate matter and neutralizing lime), coal piles, and other sources. In 1993, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) exempted pure coal ash from Subtitle C ...
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Although most of the rare earth metals were discovered in Sweden, the industrialisation started in the Austrian Empire. This was due to the fact that the Swedish chemist Jons Fridrik Bahr (1815–1875) from Uppsala went to Heidelberg in Germany in 1855 to analyse some rare earth minerals by the spectroscope discovered recently by chemistry professor Robert Bunsen (1811– 1899) and his colleague ph...
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The management of coal ash in utility boilers continues to be one of the most important fuel property considerations in the design and operation of commercial boilers. The behavior of mineral matter in coal can significantly influence furnace sizing, heat transfer surface placement, and convection pass tube spacing. Ironically, many of the more reactive, low rank U. S. coals must have larger fu...
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In recent years, coal production and consumption increased dramatically, especially in China. So, more and more attentions have been paid to coal preparation and coal ash utilization with the growing concern about the pollution by fly ash. The unburned carbon in fly ash significantly affects its utilization in many fields, especially in concrete production industry. Technologies such as flotati...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Nature
سال: 1949
ISSN: 0028-0836,1476-4687
DOI: 10.1038/163402a0